第8講
注重表達的質量訓練
1．沒有什么能逃脫我們老師那敏銳眼光的。（Nothing can escape our teacher’s eagle eye.）
2．消防人員連續奮戰了近三周才把森林大火控制住。（Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.）
3．他的車失控，掉下了大橋。（His car ran out of control and fell off the bridge.）
4．冬天即將來臨，這些山丘對周圍的村莊構成了毀滅性的威脅，因為大雨不僅會沖走土壤，還會導致嚴重的水災。（ Winter is coming on and the hills threaten the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain will not only wash the soil but will cause serious floods as well.）
5．劫機犯威脅說如果他們的要求得不到滿足將每小時殺一名乘客。（The hijackers threatened to kill one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.）
6．這場曠日持久的爭論可能會造成這個團隊的分裂。（This endless dispute threatens to split the party.）
7．它不但外型巨大，而且走時也非常準確。（It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.）
8．作為一院之長，他不僅在學生中倡導早上朗讀英語，而且他本人也身體力行。（As president of the college, he not only advocates reading English aloud in the morning among the students, but does it himself as well. ）
9．種子發芽生根了。（The seeds germinated and took root.）
10．那匹馬氣喘吁吁，怎么也不肯走了。（The horse was out of breath and refused to move.）
11．經濟界人士預計緊跟此次金融危機之后的將是起碼長達一年的經濟蕭條期。（People from the economic circle predict that the financial crisis will be followed by at least a 1-year-long economic depression. ）
12．這個大學因其優秀的教學而倍受推崇。（The college is highly admired for its excellent teaching.）
13．這些教室通風、照明俱佳。（These classrooms are well-ventilated and well-lighted.）
14．他建議安裝一臺吊頂電風扇。這將解決房間通風問題，因為當風扇急速轉動時，它將帶進新鮮的空氣。（He suggested having a ceiling electric fan installed in the room. This would solve the problem of ventilating the room, for when the fan whirled, it would draw in fresh air.）
15．圖書館將由市長本人親自剪彩開業。（The library will be officially opened by the mayor himself.）
16．我們還沒有被正式告知關門歇業。（We haven’t yet been told officially about the closure.）
17．他的辭職一定與近來的丑聞有些什么牽連。（His resignation must have some connection with the recent scandal.）
18．一位上了年紀的盲人正沿著鎮上的街道行走，拐杖觸及堅硬的巖石地面時發出有節奏的聲響。（An old blind man is walking down the town street, making rhythmic sounds when his stick touched the hard rock-surfaced road.）
19．一位警察走到我跟前，說我不該沿主街道開車，而應走一條側街，因為我引發了交通堵塞。（A policeman went up to me and told me that I should not have driven along the main street, but a side one, because I was blocking the traffic.）
20．要保證最佳教學質量，我們必須采取多種手法。（To ensure the best teaching quality, we’ll have to adopt various approaches.）
21．就憑我們的密切（關系），你早該告訴我你的問題。（Considering our closeness, you ought to have told me about your problem earlier.）
22．他本來會進監獄的，但法官僅僅判以罰款，從輕發落了他。（He was expected to go to prison, but the judge let him off with a fine.）
23．在中華人民共和國成立前的100年里，中國蒙受著外來侵略和占領的恥辱。（Over the past 100 years before the P.R.C. was founded, China had suffered from the humiliation of foreign invasions and occupations.）
24．局勢依然未變。（The situation remains unchanged.）
25．盡管危險，她依然鎮定自若。（Despite the danger, she remained in complete control of herself.）
26．我可不是個死心塌地的爵士樂迷。（I’m not an unswerving enthusiast of jazz.）
27．想一想當他們迫不及待地打開包裝箱發現第四個發動機依然完好無損時他們是何等的驚訝和驚喜。（Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey—still in perfect condition.）
28．我兒子急切地要看到他的媽媽送給他做生日禮物的盒子里究竟裝的是什么。他一拿到手就迫不及待地打開來，看到是塊漂亮的手表簡直樂壞了。（My son couldn’t wait to see what was inside the box his mom gave him as a birthday present. The moment he got it, he broke it open and was overjoyed to find it was a beautiful watch.）
29．我不小心把手表從三樓的涼臺給掉到地上去了。我急沖下樓去看看手表怎樣了，看到它安然無恙我簡直樂壞了—奇跡呀，要不還能是什么？（I accidentally dropped my watch to the ground from the balcony on the third floor. I rushed downstairs to see what had happened to it, and was delighted to see that it was sweet as honey—still in perfect condition—Miracle, or what else?）
30．我揭開一片草坪，露出了一大群螞蟻。（I uncovered a piece of lawn and revealed a large colony of ants. ）
31．每個禮拜一的早上，我們的辦公室堪稱熙熙攘攘、繁忙異常。（On Monday mornings, our office is a real hive of industry.）
32．我嗓子痛得厲害，幾乎無法說話，但借助這個話筒，我教完了兩小時的課。（I had a very bad sore throat and could hardly speak, but with the microphone, I was able to teach for 2 hours.）
33．這座火山隨時都可能猛烈爆發。事實上，灰燼正在從火山口噴出來。該火山的爆發將可能是毀滅性的。（The volcano could erupt violently at any time. In fact, ash is beginning to erupt from the crater now. And the eruption of this volcano would be destructive.）
34．我沖回到廚房，剛好及時，飯沒被燒焦。（I rushed back to the kitchen just in time to save the food from getting burned.）
35．水池里因魚而有了生機。（The pool was alive with fish.）
36．那部電影后半段才變得有趣起來。（The movie came alive in the second half.）
37．這個城市都是天黑以后才開始活躍起來。（The city starts to come alive after dark.）
38．她開始談起自己的男友時才來了勁頭。（She came alive as she started talking about her boyfriend.）
39．我知道你不喜歡他，但他也有可用之處。（I know you don’t like him, but he has his uses.）
40．如果這些癥狀沒有消失，馬上給我打電話。（If the symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to call me.）
41．你別象跟屁蟲一樣好不好？（Will you stop following me around?）
42．別提她胖了—她對此很敏感。（Don’t mention that she’s put on weight—she’s very sensitive about it.）
43．我同情地盯著那位在路邊乞討的老太太看了許久，心想她的孩子是不是知道自己的母親在過著這樣一種悲慘的生活呢？（I looked on sympathetically at the old lady begging at roadside, wondering if her children knew that their mother was leading such a miserable life.）
44．她挖空心思刁難我們。（She went out of her way to make things difficult for us.）
45．要減肥還是吃巧克力，你得選其一，這可是個魚與熊掌的問題。（You’ll have to decide whether you want to lose weight or eat chocolates and you can’t have it both ways!）
46．這幾次談判的成功為釋放人質掃清了道路。（The success of these talks has cleared the way for the release of the hostages.）
47．當你游覽上海的時候，首先看到的東西之一就是坐落在黃浦江東岸的“東方明珠電視塔”—那座可以從很遠就能看到的塔，也是世界第四高的建筑物和上海市的象征。（When you visit Shanghai, one of the first things you will see is the Oriental Pearl TV Tower standing on the east bank of Huangpu River—the famous tower which can be seen from far away, the forth highest building in the world and the symbol of the city.）
48．如果你要是沒有給我傳錯信息的話，我就不會跟他吵架了。（If you had not passed on the wrong message to me, I would not have quarreled with him.）
49．他很少外出。（He rarely, if ever, goes out.）
50．我難得享受到如此宜人的靜謐。（Rarely have I enjoyed such soothing tranquility.）
51．我起先在電話里都沒有聽出你的聲音。（I failed to recognize your voice on the phone at first.）
52．在上高速之前你最好把四個輪胎再檢查一遍。一旦有一個爆了，你也就完了。（You’d better have your four tyres checked once again before you drive onto the express way. Should one burst, you would get killed.）
53．很多外國人對中國歷史的了解令我們自感慚愧。（Many foreigners’ knowledge of Chinese history put us to shame.）
54．他沒有象我希望的那樣前來乞求我原諒他的粗魯態度，而是表現的好像什么也沒發生過似的。（He did not come to beg me to excuse his rude manner as I hoped he would, but acted as if nothing had happened.）
55．如果你試圖逃稅，那一旦被發現，你就有被處以重額罰款的風險。（If you try to evade paying your taxes, you risk being fined heavily once found out.）
56．雖則已成為上海的名人了，但他寧愿像過去一樣不去引人注目。（He is now one of Shanghai’s notables—but he prefers to remain out of the limelight.）
57．我的一位同事特愛出風頭。（One of my colleagues is very fond of the limelight.）
58．晚會上，他搶了Mary的風頭。（He stole the limelight of the party from Mary.）
59．儀器設備總是經過仔細消毒以防感染。（Equipment is always carefully sterilized as a precaution against infection.）
60．他是山東人，這從他的口音可以聽出來。（As can be recognized from his accent, he is from Shandong.）
Context-based study
Passage 1:
Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is one of the most acclaimed novels of the twentieth century. It is a black comedy about life in the military during World War II. It features bombardier John Yossarian, who is trying to survive the military’s inexhaustible supply of bureaucracy and who is frantically trying to do anything to avoid killing and being killed. Heller was able to use his own experiences in the Air Force during World War II to create this character and the novel.
Even though Catch-22 eventually became known as a great novel, it was not originally considered one. When it was first published in 1961, the reviews were tepid and the sales were lackluster. It was not well received at this point at least in part because it presented such a cowardly protagonist at a time when World War II veterans were being lauded for their selfless courage.
Within a few years of the release of the book, as an unpopular war in Southeast Asia was heating up, Heller’s Catch-22 found a new audience eager to enjoy the exploits of Heller’s war-averse protagonist. It was within the framework of this era that Catch-22 was newly discovered, newly examined, and newly credited as one of the century’s best novels.
Passage 2:
Let me talk a bit about the expression catch-22. Do you understand what a catch-22 is? This expression is so well known now that it has entered the American lexicon: well, a catch-22 is a situation that is unresolvable, one where there is no good choice, not best path to take.
In Heller’s novel, the catch-22 is a very specific catch in a very specific situation. The situation in which the protagonist found himself was that he wanted to get out of combat by declaring himself insane. So you see that in this situation, there was a very specific catch. In American culture now, though, this expression is used more generally. It refers to any situation where there’s a catch, where there’s no solution, where there’s no way out.
One more bit of information about the expression catch-22, about the number 22 in the expression. This number doesn’t have any real meaning; it just signifies one in a long line of catches. Heller really could have used any number; it didn’t have to be 22. When Heller was first writing the book, he used the number 14; the book was originally titled Catch-14. Then, in the production process, the number was changed to 18, so the title was Catch-18. But then there was a problem with the number 18 because there was another book with 18 in the title, so Heller’s title became Catch-22.
Passage 3:
Hemophilia is a condition in which the blood either clots slowly or fails to clot at all. Most people who get a little cut on a finger can put a bandage on the cut, and the cut on the finger will heal because the blood will clot. A blood clot forms from the polymerization of protein fibers that circulate in the blood. A number of protein factors take part in the process, and it is necessary for all of the protein factors to function correctly for blood to clot. Hemophilia exists when any of the factors is either missing or not functioning.
The most common kinds of hemophilia are hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia) and hemophilia B (or Christmas hemophilia), which was named after the first person known to have contracted it. Hemophilia A occurs when clotting factor 8 is not functioning properly; 85% of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia type A. Hemophilia B occurs when factor 9 is not functioning properly; almost all of the rest of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia B.
Hemophilia is generally passed from mother to son, though sometimes it seems to develop spontaneously in some women. Women carry recessive gene but do not generally develop the disease. A mother who carries the defective gene may or may not pass it on to her children. If a mother passes the defective gene to a daughter, the daughter will carry the gene but will most likely not develop the disease. If a mother passes the defective gene to a son, then the son will most likely develop the disease.
Passage 4:
Probably the most famous case of hemophilia is often called Royal hemophilia. In this case, Queen Victoria of England, who lived from 1819-1901, was a carrier of the mutating factor 8 that leads to hemophilia type A. Queen Victoria may have inherited the mutated gene from one of her parents, though there is no sign of the mutated gene in the families of Victoria’s parents up to that time that she was born. The mutated factor 8 may also have mutated spontaneously in Victoria, as seems to happen sometimes.
However Victoria came to be a carrier of the gene with the mutated factor, she unfortunately passed it on to some of her children. She had nine children, and three of them, her daughters Alice and Beatrice and her son Leopold, received the mutated gene from their mother. Victoria’s daughters then intermarried with other royal houses of Europe and carried the disease with them. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, the disease was carried into the royal family of Spain. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Alice, the disease was introduced into the royal families of Austria and Russia, though the disease no longer exists in the Russian family because Victoria’s granddaughter Alexandra and her children were all killed during the Russian revolution.
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