2006。12
Section B: Passages
Passage 1
Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material, learning new lessons and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study’s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. “If we don’t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids’ struggling academically, then we aren’t doing our job.” Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, “getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time”.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 26: What were teachers told to do in the experiment?
全文是講睡眠與學習的關系，既然是試驗，老師多半是在做統計之類的工作。文中有report一詞，要搞清楚究竟是誰做report，排除D。
Question 27: According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?
這道題更像常識題，四個選項中B最符合實際經驗，聽懂全文的基礎上，只要證明自己的猜測就行。此外，其他三個選項文中根本沒有提到。
Question 28: What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?
整篇聽力文章都在講睡眠對學習的影響，可輕易選出D。其他幾個選項跟本文毫無關系，C略有干擾，但提高學習質量不是本文的要點，怎么去提高即家長要保證孩子的睡眠是主要問題。
Passage 2
Patricia Pania never wanted to be a public figure. All she wanted to be was a mother and home-maker. But her life was turned upside down when a motorist, distracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pania reluctantly but courageously decided to try to educate the public and to fight for laws to ban drivers from using cell phones while a car is moving. She wanted to save other children from what happened to her daughter. In her first speech, Pania got off to a shaky start. She was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic transformation took place. She stopped shaking and spoke with a strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know what she knew, without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In subsequent presentations, Pania gained reputation as a highly effective speaker. Her appearance on a talk show was broadcast three times, transmitting her message to over 14 million people. Her campaign increased public awareness of the problem, and prompted over 300 cities and several states to consider restrictions on cell phone use.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 29: What was the significant change in Patricia Pania’s life?
本題答案就在開頭第一句，可見聽力抓住開頭的重要性，很多同學開頭容易走神、漏聽首句，這是要注意的，一旦direction結束，就要全神貫注。當然也不用太擔心，很多時候正文的敘述也會把開頭的意思具體展開，所以仍然可以聽出大意。
干擾項在B，因為文中也有educate一詞，但educator與對公眾進行駕車安全的教育是兩碼事。選項A恰恰是她現在不做的事情。
Question 30: What had led to Pania’s personal tragedy?
車禍肇事者明顯不是主人公，所以排除B、C兩項。motorist的肇事原因不是開車太快，而是邊開車邊打手機，即使開頭聽不出來，后文中講主人公積極反對的事情時也能理解。選項為D，要學會轉義。
Question 31: How did Pania feel when she began her first speech?
常識加排除法。首先B、C都是正面特征，意思相近，選哪個都不行，只能都排除。其次，按常識第一次演講都是很緊張、結結巴巴的。干擾項在D，因為文中也出現了這兩個單詞。考生有兩種情況，其一是不認識這兩個單詞，那么至少選擇自己可以確定的選項；其二，認識這兩個單詞，就應該認識到它們表明的是主人公從事公益活動的態度而不是第一次演講的表現。
Question 32: What could be expected as a result of Pania’s efforts?
答案就在結尾處，另外文章從頭至尾講的都是抵制開車接電話的問題。干擾項在B，但不要理所當然的認為，聽電話的人少了，交通狀況就會變好，文中也沒這么講，所以該選項其實是不確定的。主人公活動的直接結果只能是減少行車打電話的人數。
Passage 3
Many people catch a cold in the spring time or fall. It makes us wonder: if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can’t they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There’re actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and causes a blockage in it. You feel terrible because you can’t breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to relieve various symptoms of colds. There was one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer, because your body doesn’t develop a way to fight it and kill it.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 33: According to the passage, why haven’t scientists found a cure for the common cold?
文中直接以問答形式回答了這個問題，并且用“the answer is easy”做了緩沖，考生聽到這里就應該留心后面的回答。題干中其他三個選項文中并未提及。
Question 34: What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?
symptom，癥狀。首先排除B、C，這都與symptom無關。干擾項為A，因為文中確實連續提到感冒的諸種癥狀，人感到多么難受等等，聽力中要注意聽轉折詞如but，however，yet等，其后才是關鍵信息。文中在提到癥狀之后都用轉折性的詞引出人體的抵抗反應，并且是連續幾個，所以即使聽漏一兩個反應也不會影響做題。
Question 35: What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the passage?
文中直接提到專家的意見是“吃藥不好，因為人體有自主的抵抗力”，選項為A。真沒有聽出來，也應該從全文的意思推斷，既然一直在講抵抗力的問題，那么吃藥一定不是好辦法，甚至有害。選項B所謂破壞部分器官的功能太夸張，文中也沒有提到。
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