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2011春高口漢譯英考試難點有二：一是主被動的處理、二是主謂語的確定。抓住了難點也就抓住了得分點！我們一起來看一下：

由于考查文章的體裁是科技法律類，因此對譯文的要求就是要體現客觀性。英語中能充分體現客觀性的句子就是被動句�？v觀全文，文章中雖然沒有出現一個“被”字，但是多個句子的處理是必須利用被動語態來翻譯的。既然想到了用被動，那么被動句的主語該怎樣選擇呢？一共有兩種方法可以用：一是選擇句中的賓主作為被動句的主語；二是增補主語。我們結合文中的具體句子來做一下分析：

1. 合營企業設董事會，其人數組成由合營各方協商，在合同、章程中確定，并由合營各方委派。

解析：這句話中有兩個主語。一個是合營企業、另一個是董事會。翻譯是可以采用由which引導的定語從句來翻譯。

參考譯文：A joint venture shall have a board of directors, which shall have its size and composition stipulated in the contract and the articles of association after consultation between the parties to the venture. Members of the directors shall be appointed and designated by the parties to the venture.

2. 董事長由合營各方協商確定或由董事會選舉產生。

解析：本句中“由”體現被動。結構是董事長由…確定或由…產生。

參考譯文：The chairmen of a board is determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors.

3. 董事會會議由董事長負責召集并主持。

解析：句中的“由”翻譯成英文還是要通過被動來體現。

參考譯文：The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board.

4. 董事會會議應用中文和英文作詳細記錄，并在會議結束后14日內送交每位董事，由出席董事會會議的各位董事簽字確認。

解析：本句中會議是無生命個體，因此“會議”不可能“作”“詳細記錄”。因此可以采用“詳細記錄”作為主語，而且它也是后面兩個分句中“送交董事”和“簽字確認”的主體。

參考譯文：Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days and signed and confirmed by each of them

原文：

合營企業設董事會，其人數組成由合營各方協商，在合同、章程中確定，并由合營各方委派。董事會是合營企業的最高權力機構，決定合營企業的一切重大問題。董事長由合營各方協商確定或由董事會選舉產生。董事長是合營企業法定代表人。董事長不能履行職責時，應授權其他董事代表合營企業。

董事會會議由董事長負責召集并主持。董事會會議應當有2/3以上董事出席方能舉行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托書委托他人代表其出席和表決。董事會會議應用中文和英文作詳細記錄，并在會議結束后14日內送交每位董事，由出席董事會會議的各位董事簽字確認。

參考譯文：

A joint venture shall have a board of directors, which shall have its size and composition stipulated in the contract and the articles of association after consultation between the parties to the venture. Members of the directors shall be appointed and designated by the parties to the venture. The board of directors shall be the highest authority of a joint venture that shall decide all major matters concerning it. The chairmen of a board are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. When the chairman is unable to perform. his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture.

The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. It shall be held only when over two-third of the directors are present. If a director is unable to attend the meeting，he may issue a power of attorney to appoint a proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf.  Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days and signed and confirmed by each of them.

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