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因果性論說文圍繞事件為何發生(the causes)及事件的后果(the effects)展開。這是組織和探討想法的一種常見方式。當想了解“因”的時候，我們會問：“這件事為什么會發生？”或者“目前這個局面背后的緣由是什么？”而當要明確“果”時，我們則會提出：“這將導致什么事件發生？”和“這一行動的結果是什么？”

　　上期本欄目探討了事件的起因，我們以“果”開頭來引出“因”。這一期我們則將從“因”入手來探尋“果”。

　　請看下面這篇小短文：

　　My Life Was Ruined by a Bird My life was ruined because of a bird.I know it seems hard to believe,but let me explain.It all started the night I stayed up writing my final paper,because I had been much too busy partying the week before to even think about science.I knew the paper was due on my teacher’s desk at8:00am,so I had it all planned out to get one hour’s sleep,and then drive my paper to the school.

　　When I got up in the morning,the trouble began.I stumbled over the clothes on the floor and spilled a cup of coffee on the paper.When I went to print it out a－gain,I realized that the ink was empty,so I needed a new ink cartridge.The computer store wasn’t open at that time in the morning,thus,I drove over to my friend’s house to print it.On the way,this stupid bird flewright in front of my car.It scared me so much that I swerved off of the road into the ditch.As a result,I had to call the tow truck to pull my car out of the ditch and by the time I got to my friend’s house and then to the school,it was already10:00am.My teacher said that the paper was too late to count and she gave me a“0.”

　　That“0”was enough to destroy my whole semester grade.Because I failed science,I had to take it over the next semester.I was a full semester behind my friends in college and I didn’t graduate with them.Consequently,all of the good opportunities were gone by the time I finished college.See,my ruined life is totally the bird’s fault!由“果”至“因”的寫作步驟：1.在文章開篇就明確告訴讀者最主要的“因”和“果”，讓讀者知道你會在下文中解釋“因”如何導致了“果”。(以上文為例：Today,a bird caused me to fail my science class.Let me explain.)2.詳細描述事件的起因如何導致結果的過程。(In this case,the bird is only a small part of this student’s sad story.Many things happen because of his irrespon－sibility and poor planning.)3.以“果”為文章做總結并指出最初的“因”。(It was the bird’s fault!)4.檢查文章中的錯誤。

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